Learning how to edit /etc/fstab is a fundamental skill for any Linux system administrator. This critical configuration file determines how your server’s disk partitions and storage devices are mounted automatically when the system boots. Whether you are adding a new SSD to your VPS or setting up swap space, mastering this file is essential.
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What is the /etc/fstab File?
The name stands for “File System Table”. It is a plain text file containing a list of disks and partitions. Each row in the file represents a mount point, and each column describes how that drive should be handled.
The Anatomy of an fstab Entry
Before you edit /etc/fstab, you must understand its syntax. A typical line looks like this:
UUID=xxxx-xxxx /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 0Here is what each column means:
- Device: The partition identifier (e.g.,
/dev/sdb1or better yet, theUUID). - Mount Point: The directory where the folder will appear (e.g.,
/mnt/data). - Filesystem Type: The format of the drive (e.g.,
ext4,xfs,swap). - Options: Mount options (usually
defaultsis safe). - Dump: Backup utility flag (0 usually).
- Pass: Fsck check order (0 for non-root drives).
Step-by-Step: How to Edit the File Safely
1. Backup First!
A mistake here can break your boot process. Always create a backup:
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.backup2. Find Your Drive’s UUID
It is safer to use UUIDs than device names. Run this command to find them:
blkid3. Open the File
Now, open the file using a text editor like Nano:
sudo nano /etc/fstabAdd your new line at the bottom of the file following the structure explained above.
4. Test Without Rebooting
This is the most important step. Do not reboot yet. Run this command to verify your syntax:
sudo mount -aIf you see no errors, your configuration is correct.
Conclusion
Being able to properly edit /etc/fstab gives you full control over your server’s storage. Just remember: always backup, and always test with mount -a.
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